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Key Term |
Definition |
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Détente |
Period of improved relations and reduced tensions between the USA and USSR during the 1970s. |
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Cold War |
Period of rivalry and tension between the USA and USSR after 1945. |
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Arms Race |
Competition between countries to build more powerful weapons. |
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Nuclear Weapons |
Weapons using nuclear reactions to create enormous destruction. |
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Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) |
Idea that nuclear war would destroy both sides completely. |
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SALT 1 |
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks agreement signed in 1972 to limit nuclear weapons. |
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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks |
Negotiations between USA and USSR about nuclear weapons control. |
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Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) |
Missile defence system designed to destroy incoming missiles. |
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Leonid Brezhnev |
Soviet leader during Détente and SALT 1. |
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Richard Nixon |
American president who helped develop Détente and SALT 1. |
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Diplomacy |
Managing international relations through negotiation rather than war. |
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Human Rights |
Basic freedoms and protections people should have. |
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Censorship |
Government control over information and media. |
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Political Opponents |
People who oppose a government or political system. |
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Superpower |
Country with enormous military and political influence. |
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Vietnam War |
Conflict involving communist North Vietnam and the USA-backed South Vietnam. |
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Nuclear Deterrence |
Preventing attack through fear of nuclear retaliation. |
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Summit |
High-level meeting between world leaders. |
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Communism |
Political and economic system where the state controls industry and wealth. |
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Capitalism |
Economic system based on private ownership and profit. |
7.1.1 The end of the Second World War
The end of the Second World War: Yalta and Potsdam Conferences; the division of Germany; contrasting attitudes and ideologies of the USA and the USSR, including the aims of Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt, Attlee and Truman; effect of the dropping of the atom bomb on post-war superpower relations.
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7.1.2 The Iron Curtain and the Evolution of East-West rivalry
The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry: Soviet expansion in East Europe; US policies; the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, their purpose and Stalin’s reaction; Cominform; Comecon; Yugoslavia; the Berlin Blockade and Airlift.
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7.2.1 The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations
The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations: USSR's support for Mao Tse-tung and Communist revolution in China, and the military campaigns waged by North Korea against the UN and by the Vietcong against France and the USA.
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7.2.2 Military rivalries
Military rivalries: the arms race; membership and purposes of NATO and the Warsaw Pact; the space race, including Sputnik, ICBMs, Polaris, Gagarin, Apollo.
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7.2.3 The ‘Thaw’
The ‘Thaw’: Hungary, the protest movement and the reforms of Nagy; Soviet fears, how they reacted and the effects on the Cold War; the U2 Crisis and its effects on the Paris Peace Summit and the peace process.
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7.3.1 Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall: reasons for its construction and Kennedy’s response.
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7.3.2 Tensions over Cuba
Tensions over Cuba: Castro’s revolution, the Bay of Pigs and the missile crisis: the roles of Castro, Khrushchev, Kennedy; fears of the USA and reaction to missiles on Cuba; dangers and results of crisis.
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7.3.3 Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia: Dubeck and the Prague Spring movement; USSR’s response to the reforms; the effects the Prague Spring had on East-West relations, including the Warsaw Pact; the Brezhnev Doctrine.
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7.3.4 Easing of Tension
Easing of tension: sources of tension, including the Soviets' record on human rights; the reasons for Détente and for SALT 1; the part played by key individuals Brezhnev and Nixon.
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