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Key Term |
Definition |
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Prague Spring |
Period of reform in Czechoslovakia during 1968. |
|
Alexander Dubček |
Reforming communist leader of Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring. |
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“Socialism with a human face” |
Dubček’s idea of a less harsh and more democratic form of communism. |
|
Czechoslovakia |
Communist Eastern European country controlled by the USSR after the Second World War. |
|
Leonid Brezhnev |
Soviet leader during the Prague Spring and creator of the Brezhnev Doctrine. |
|
Brezhnev Doctrine |
Soviet policy stating the USSR could intervene where communism was threatened. |
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Warsaw Pact |
Communist military alliance led by the USSR. |
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Eastern Bloc |
Communist countries in Eastern Europe controlled or influenced by the USSR. |
|
Soviet Invasion |
Entry of Soviet and Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia in 1968. |
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Censorship |
Government control over information, media and free speech. |
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Reform |
Change intended to improve a political or economic system. |
|
Cold War |
Period of rivalry and tension between the USA and USSR after 1945. |
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Communism |
Political and economic system where the state controls industry and wealth. |
|
Democracy |
Political system where people choose governments through elections. |
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Secret Police |
Government organisation used to monitor and control opposition. |
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Propaganda |
Information used to influence public opinion, often biased or misleading. |
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Superpower |
Country with enormous military and political influence. |
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Intervention |
Involvement by one country in another country’s affairs. |
|
Eastern Europe |
Region of communist countries under Soviet influence during the Cold War. |
|
Peaceful Protest |
Non-violent action expressing opposition or demands for change. |
7.1.1 The end of the Second World War
The end of the Second World War: Yalta and Potsdam Conferences; the division of Germany; contrasting attitudes and ideologies of the USA and the USSR, including the aims of Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt, Attlee and Truman; effect of the dropping of the atom bomb on post-war superpower relations.
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7.1.2 The Iron Curtain and the Evolution of East-West rivalry
The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry: Soviet expansion in East Europe; US policies; the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, their purpose and Stalin’s reaction; Cominform; Comecon; Yugoslavia; the Berlin Blockade and Airlift.
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7.2.1 The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations
The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations: USSR's support for Mao Tse-tung and Communist revolution in China, and the military campaigns waged by North Korea against the UN and by the Vietcong against France and the USA.
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7.2.2 Military rivalries
Military rivalries: the arms race; membership and purposes of NATO and the Warsaw Pact; the space race, including Sputnik, ICBMs, Polaris, Gagarin, Apollo.
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7.2.3 The ‘Thaw’
The ‘Thaw’: Hungary, the protest movement and the reforms of Nagy; Soviet fears, how they reacted and the effects on the Cold War; the U2 Crisis and its effects on the Paris Peace Summit and the peace process.
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7.3.1 Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall: reasons for its construction and Kennedy’s response.
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7.3.2 Tensions over Cuba
Tensions over Cuba: Castro’s revolution, the Bay of Pigs and the missile crisis: the roles of Castro, Khrushchev, Kennedy; fears of the USA and reaction to missiles on Cuba; dangers and results of crisis.
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7.3.3 Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia: Dubeck and the Prague Spring movement; USSR’s response to the reforms; the effects the Prague Spring had on East-West relations, including the Warsaw Pact; the Brezhnev Doctrine.
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7.3.4 Easing of Tension
Easing of tension: sources of tension, including the Soviets' record on human rights; the reasons for Détente and for SALT 1; the part played by key individuals Brezhnev and Nixon.
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