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Key Term |
Definition |
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Cuban Revolution |
1959 revolution that brought Fidel Castro to power in Cuba. |
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Fidel Castro |
Communist leader of Cuba after 1959. |
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Fulgencio Batista |
Cuban dictator overthrown by Castro. |
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Bay of Pigs |
Failed US-backed invasion of Cuba in 1961. |
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CIA |
US intelligence agency involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion. |
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Cuban Missile Crisis |
1962 confrontation between USA and USSR over missiles in Cuba. |
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Nikita Khrushchev |
Soviet leader who placed missiles in Cuba. |
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John F. Kennedy |
US President during the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
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Quarantine |
US naval blockade of Cuba during the crisis. |
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Nuclear Missile |
Weapon capable of delivering a nuclear warhead over long distances. |
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Arms Race |
Competition between the USA and USSR to build more powerful weapons. |
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Deterrence |
Preventing war by threatening severe retaliation. |
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Superpower |
A country with enormous military and political influence. |
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ExComm |
Kennedy’s Executive Committee that managed the crisis. |
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Hotline |
Direct communication link created between Washington and Moscow after the crisis. |
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Cold War |
Period of tension between the USA and USSR after 1945. |
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Sphere of Influence |
Area where a country has political and economic control. |
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Nationalisation |
Government takeover of private businesses and industries. |
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Diplomacy |
Managing international relations through negotiation rather than war. |
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Limited Test Ban Treaty |
1963 agreement limiting nuclear weapons testing. |
7.1.1 The end of the Second World War
The end of the Second World War: Yalta and Potsdam Conferences; the division of Germany; contrasting attitudes and ideologies of the USA and the USSR, including the aims of Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt, Attlee and Truman; effect of the dropping of the atom bomb on post-war superpower relations.
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7.1.2 The Iron Curtain and the Evolution of East-West rivalry
The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry: Soviet expansion in East Europe; US policies; the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, their purpose and Stalin’s reaction; Cominform; Comecon; Yugoslavia; the Berlin Blockade and Airlift.
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7.2.1 The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations
The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations: USSR's support for Mao Tse-tung and Communist revolution in China, and the military campaigns waged by North Korea against the UN and by the Vietcong against France and the USA.
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7.2.2 Military rivalries
Military rivalries: the arms race; membership and purposes of NATO and the Warsaw Pact; the space race, including Sputnik, ICBMs, Polaris, Gagarin, Apollo.
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7.2.3 The ‘Thaw’
The ‘Thaw’: Hungary, the protest movement and the reforms of Nagy; Soviet fears, how they reacted and the effects on the Cold War; the U2 Crisis and its effects on the Paris Peace Summit and the peace process.
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7.3.1 Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall: reasons for its construction and Kennedy’s response.
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7.3.2 Tensions over Cuba
Tensions over Cuba: Castro’s revolution, the Bay of Pigs and the missile crisis: the roles of Castro, Khrushchev, Kennedy; fears of the USA and reaction to missiles on Cuba; dangers and results of crisis.
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7.3.3 Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia: Dubeck and the Prague Spring movement; USSR’s response to the reforms; the effects the Prague Spring had on East-West relations, including the Warsaw Pact; the Brezhnev Doctrine.
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7.3.4 Easing of Tension
Easing of tension: sources of tension, including the Soviets' record on human rights; the reasons for Détente and for SALT 1; the part played by key individuals Brezhnev and Nixon.
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