Norman Advantages

William had several advantages:

1. A More Flexible Army

William used archers, infantry and cavalry together.

The English mainly fought on foot.

2. Leadership

William remained calm and inspired his troops.

At one point, rumours spread that William had been killed.

William lifted his helmet to show he was alive and encouraged his army to continue fighting.

3. Harold’s Exhausted Army

Harold’s soldiers had:

• Fought at Stamford Bridge
• Marched hundreds of miles
• Had little time to rest

4. The Breaking of the Shield Wall

Once parts of the English army left the shield wall, the English position became weaker.

5. Harold’s Death

The death of Harold destroyed English morale.